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Political Islam is the interpretation of Islam as a source of political identity and action. [1] It advocates the formation of state and society according to (the advocates understanding of) Islamic principles, where Islam serves as a source of political positions and concepts.
The Islamic concept of sovereignty differs from the western principles of international custom and law established by the Treaty of Westphalia.An important element of this is the Ummah — the community of Muslims as a whole.
Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Islamic religion, which is based on the Quran, ḥadīth literature, and sunnah (accounts of the sayings and living habits attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad), [1] [2] and elements of political movements and tendencies followed by Muslims or Islamic states throughout the history of Islam ...
Islamic governance is the approach to leading Islamic nations and guiding their communities and organizations, all in line with the fundamental principles of Islam. [1] It can be viewed as a governance model that integrates Islamic values into the realms of administration, rule, management, and government.
Muslim democrats, including Ahmad Moussalli (professor of political science at the American University of Beirut), argue that concepts in the Quran point towards some form of democracy, or at least away from despotism. These concepts include shura (consultation), ijma (consensus), al-hurriyya (freedom), al-huqquq al-shar'iyya (legitimate rights).
The religio-political ideology of Islamism (also often called political Islam or Islamic fundamentalism) [1] which has "arguably altered the Middle East more than any trend since the modern states gained independence", redefining "politics and even borders" (according to at least one observer (author Robin Wright), [2] is active in many countries around the world.
This was also the period when the Salafi movement, Islamism, and Pan-Islamism emerged, with the latter rejecting the concept of nations in favour of one Islamic nation. [ 7 ] Jamal al-Din al-Afghani led an Internationalist and anti-nationalist movement and wanted unity among Muslims .
The definition and application of secularism, especially the place of religion in society, varies among Muslim countries as it does among non-Muslim countries. [124] As the concept of secularism varies among secularists in the Muslim world, reactions of Muslim intellectuals to the pressure of secularization also varies.