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The Crown encouraged education: Mexico boasts the first primary school (Texcoco, 1523), the first university, the University of Mexico (1551), and the first printing press (1524) of the Americas. Indigenous languages were studied mainly by religious orders during the first centuries and became official languages in the so-called Republic of ...
With over 200,000 different species, Mexico is home of 10–12% of the world's biodiversity. [106] Mexico ranks first in biodiversity in reptiles with 707 known species, second in mammals with 438 species, fourth in amphibians with 290 species, and fourth in flora, with 26,000 different species. [107]
Around 60 countries gained independence from the United Kingdom throughout its history, the most in the world, followed by around 40 countries that gained independence from France throughout its history. [1] Over 50% of the world's borders today were drawn as a result of British and French imperialism. [2] [3] [4]
Some parts of Puebla, Morelos and Hidalgo were also part of Spanish-era Mexico. In 1821, the continental part of New Spain seceded from Spain during the Trienio Liberal, which was followed by the birth of the short-lived First Mexican Empire. This was the first recorded use of "Mexico" as a country title.
After the end of the empire, the Central American provinces decided not to be part of Mexico. Chiapas (part of Guatemala) was not yet part of Mexico, while the region of Soconusco proclaimed its independence of Mexico on 24 July 1824, and was formally annexed by the Federal Republic of Central America on August 18, 1824.
Today, more than half of the members of Mexico's congress are women, the fourth-highest rate in the world. Eight of the nation's 31 governors are female and a woman heads the Supreme Court.
The Thornton Affair is the first clash of the Mexican–American War as 80 cavalrymen under the command of U.S. Captain Seth B. Thornton are attacked by 1600 men under the leadership of Mexican General Anastasio Torrejón in the Nueces Strip between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande. 13 May: The U.S. Congress declares war against Mexico. 14 May
First established as capital of Upper Egypt, Thebes later became the religious capital of the nation until its decline in the Roman period. Aswan (as Swenett) Ancient Egypt Egypt: c. 650 BC Gained prominence in the Late Period (664–332 BC). [2] Benghazi (as Euesperides) Cyrenaica Libya: c. 525 BC Founded in the 5th century BC, by the Greeks ...