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Within this model, two proposed mechanisms mediate the relationship between utopian thinking and the motivation for system justification: hope and abstraction. The first pathway is the affective route, wherein utopian thinking reduces system justification by fostering an increase in social hope.
For James, [2] meliorism stands in the middle between optimism and pessimism, and treats the salvation of the world as a probability rather than a certainty or impossibility. In the case of a meliorist praxis , the activist contemporary of the Pragmatists Jane Addams stripped progressive ideals of any elitist privilege calling for a "lateral ...
Notable early expressions of pessimistic thought can be found in the works of ancient philosophers such as Hegesias of Cyrene and in the Indian texts of Buddhism. However, the modern discourse on philosophical pessimism is significantly shaped by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer [ 1 ] : 4 , whose ideas in the 19th century articulated ...
The differences between pessimists and optimists can be understood in terms of explanatory style: Permanence: Optimistic people believe bad events to be temporary happenings rather than permanent failures, and thus bounce back quickly from them, whereas others may take longer periods to recover or may never recover. They also believe good ...
Defined by Luthans and Carolyn M. Youssef, PsyCap is "an individual's positive psychological state of development and is characterized by: (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3 ...
Hamas says it wants to work off an earlier, July 2 proposal that was supported then by the U.S. and the United Nations. The militant group accuses Israel of changing the terms in that proposal ...
There is much debate about the relationship between explanatory style and optimism. Some researchers argue that optimism is simply the lay-term for what researchers know as explanatory style. [ 23 ] More commonly, it is found that explanatory style is distinct from dispositional optimism, [ 24 ] so the two should not be used interchangeably as ...
I'm trying to bring the good energy into 2024, but reality is a constant counter-weight. That's not a negative sentiment, but rather a commentary on both the power and the limits of positive thinking.