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The above concept of relation [a] has been generalized to admit relations between members of two different sets (heterogeneous relation, like "lies on" between the set of all points and that of all lines in geometry), relations between three or more sets (finitary relation, like "person x lives in town y at time z "), and relations between ...
A specific element x of X is a value of the variable, and the corresponding element of Y is the value of the function at x, or the image of x under the function. The image of a function, sometimes called its range, is the set of the images of all elements in the domain. [6] [7] [8] [9]
Thomae's function: is a function that is continuous at all irrational numbers and discontinuous at all rational numbers. It is also a modification of Dirichlet function and sometimes called Riemann function. Kronecker delta function: is a function of two variables, usually integers, which is 1 if they are equal, and 0 otherwise.
This article lists mathematical properties and laws of sets, involving the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for evaluating expressions, and performing calculations, involving these operations and relations.
This relation, along with the first two polynomials P 0 and P 1, allows all the rest to be generated recursively. The generating function approach is directly connected to the multipole expansion in electrostatics, as explained below, and is how the polynomials were first defined by Legendre in 1782.
Mathematical relations fall into various types according to their specific properties, often as expressed in the axioms or definitions that they satisfy. Many of these types of relations are listed below.
The functions , (,) are the spherical harmonics, and the quantity in the square root is a normalizing factor. Recalling the relation between the associated Legendre functions of positive and negative m, it is easily shown that the spherical harmonics satisfy the identity [5]
An n-ary operation can also be viewed as an (n + 1)-ary relation that is total on its n input domains and unique on its output domain. An n-ary partial operation ω from X n to X is a partial function ω: X n → X. An n-ary partial operation can also be viewed as an (n + 1)-ary relation that is unique on its output domain.