Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
In robot kinematics, forward kinematics refers to the use of the kinematic equations of a robot to compute the position of the end-effector from specified values for the joint parameters. [ 1 ] The kinematics equations of the robot are used in robotics , computer games , and animation .
A fundamental tool in robot kinematics is the kinematics equations of the kinematic chains that form the robot. These non-linear equations are used to map the joint parameters to the configuration of the robot system. Kinematics equations are also used in biomechanics of the skeleton and computer animation of articulated characters.
Kinematic chains of a wide range of complexity are analyzed by equating the kinematics equations of serial chains that form loops within the kinematic chain. These equations are often called loop equations. The complexity (in terms of calculating the forward and inverse kinematics) of the chain is determined by the following factors:
We can note constraints on the relationships between the axes: the x n axis is perpendicular to both the z n–1 and z n axes; the x n-axis intersects both z n–1 and z n axes; the origin of joint n is at the intersection of x n and z n; y n completes a right-handed reference frame based on x n and z n
For each joint of the kinematic chain, an origin point q and an axis of action are selected for the zero configuration, using the coordinate frame of the base. In the case of a prismatic joint, the axis of action v is the vector along which the joint extends; in the case of a revolute joint, the axis of action ω the vector normal to the rotation.
The calculations involved in performing a desired manipulation (forward kinematics) are also usually more difficult and can lead to multiple solutions. Prototype of "PAR4", a 4-degree-of-freedom, high-speed, parallel robot. Two examples of popular parallel robots are the Stewart platform and the Delta robot.
An example of a serial manipulator with six DOF in a kinematic chain. In its most general form, a serial robot consists of a number of rigid links connected to joints. Simplicity considerations in manufacturing and control have led to robots with only revolute or prismatic joints and orthogonal, parallel and/or intersecting joint axes (instead ...
From this point of view the kinematics equations can be used in two different ways. The first called forward kinematics uses specified values for the joint parameters to compute the end-effector position and orientation. The second called inverse kinematics uses the position and orientation of the end-effector to compute the joint parameters ...