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  2. Atwater system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atwater_system

    Based on the work of Atwater, it became common practice to calculate energy content of foods using 4 kcal/g for carbohydrates and proteins and 9 kcal/g for lipids. [2] The system was later improved by Annabel Merrill and Bernice Watt of the USDA, who derived a system whereby specific calorie conversion factors for different foods were proposed. [3]

  3. Glycemic load - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycemic_load

    Glycemic load accounts for how much carbohydrate is in the food and how much each gram of carbohydrate in the food raises blood glucose levels. Glycemic load is based on the glycemic index (GI), and is calculated by multiplying the weight of available carbohydrate in the food (in grams) by the food's glycemic index, and then dividing by 100.

  4. Carbohydrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate

    Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk. It consists of a molecule of D-galactose and a molecule of D-glucose bonded by beta-1-4 glycosidic linkage.. A carbohydrate (/ ˌ k ɑːr b oʊ ˈ h aɪ d r eɪ t /) is an biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula C ...

  5. List of macronutrients - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_macronutrients

    There are three principal classes of macronutrients: carbohydrate, protein and fat. [1] Macronutrients are defined as a class of chemical compounds which humans consume in relatively large quantities compared to vitamins and minerals which provide humans with energy.

  6. Carbohydrate counting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_Counting

    Carbohydrate counting or "carb" counting is a meal planning tool used in diabetes management to help optimize blood sugar control. [1] It can be used with or without the use of insulin therapy. Carbohydrate counting involves determining whether a food item has carbohydrate followed by the subsequent determination of how much carbohydrate the ...

  7. Table of food nutrients - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_food_nutrients

    Included for each food is its weight in grams, its calories, and (also in grams,) the amount of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, fat, and saturated fat. [1] As foods vary by brands and stores, the figures should only be considered estimates, with more exact figures often included on product labels.

  8. List of sugars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sugars

    Sugar is the generalized name for sweet, short-chain, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. There are various types of sugar derived from different sources. Generally speaking, chemical names ending in -ose indicate sugars.

  9. Oligosaccharide nomenclature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligosaccharide_nomenclature

    An oligosaccharide has both a reducing and a non-reducing end. The reducing end of an oligosaccharide is the monosaccharide residue with hemiacetal functionality, thereby capable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent, while the non-reducing end is the monosaccharide residue in acetal form, thus incapable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent. [2]