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  2. Symbol Nomenclature For Glycans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol_Nomenclature_For...

    The system of carbohydrate representation was adopted and widely disseminated by many including the NIGMS-funded Consortium for Functional Glycomics, and thus was often referred to as "CFG Nomenclature". This color representation was vastly expanded in the third edition of the text to include 49 new monosaccharides that appear mostly in non ...

  3. Glycan nomenclature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycan_nomenclature

    Glycan nomenclature is the systematic naming of glycans, which are carbohydrate-based polymers made by all living organisms. In general glycans can be represented in (i) text formats, these include commonly used CarbBank, IUPAC name, and several other types; and (ii) symbol formats, these are consisting of Symbol Nomenclature For Glycans and Oxford Notations.

  4. Oligosaccharide nomenclature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligosaccharide_nomenclature

    An oligosaccharide has both a reducing and a non-reducing end. The reducing end of an oligosaccharide is the monosaccharide residue with hemiacetal functionality, thereby capable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent, while the non-reducing end is the monosaccharide residue in acetal form, thus incapable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent. [2]

  5. Monosaccharide nomenclature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosaccharide_nomenclature

    The Fischer projection is a systematic way of drawing the skeletal formula of an open-chain monosaccharide so that each stereoisomer is uniquely identified. Two isomers whose molecules are mirror-images of each other are identified by prefixes ' D -' or ' L -', according to the handedness of the chiral carbon atom that is farthest from the ...

  6. Carbohydrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate

    Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk. It consists of a molecule of D-galactose and a molecule of D-glucose bonded by beta-1-4 glycosidic linkage.. A carbohydrate (/ ˌ k ɑːr b oʊ ˈ h aɪ d r eɪ t /) is an biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula C ...

  7. Glycemic load - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycemic_load

    Glycemic load accounts for how much carbohydrate is in the food and how much each gram of carbohydrate in the food raises blood glucose levels. Glycemic load is based on the glycemic index (GI), and is calculated by multiplying the weight of available carbohydrate in the food (in grams) by the food's glycemic index, and then dividing by 100.

  8. Atwater system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atwater_system

    Based on the work of Atwater, it became common practice to calculate energy content of foods using 4 kcal/g for carbohydrates and proteins and 9 kcal/g for lipids. [2] The system was later improved by Annabel Merrill and Bernice Watt of the USDA, who derived a system whereby specific calorie conversion factors for different foods were proposed. [3]

  9. Monosaccharide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosaccharide

    Therefore, the molecular structure of a simple monosaccharide can be written as H(CHOH) n (C=O)(CHOH) m H, where n + 1 + m = x; so that its elemental formula is C x H 2x O x. By convention, the carbon atoms are numbered from 1 to x along the backbone, starting from the end that is closest to the C=O group.