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The stria terminalis, not the amygdalofugal pathway, is the main connection between the amygdala and the hypothalamus. [13] The amygdalofugal connection, however, is shorter and more direct. [1] The hypothalamus is a highly important structure that is involved with the regulation of bodily functions.
Reduction of the size of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis has been observed in pedophilic male perpetrators, in addition to reductions in the right amygdala, hypothalamus and abnormalities in related structures. The authors propose that childhood deficits in the BNST and medial amygdala may cause inhibition of sexual maturity. [15]
The anterior commissure also serves to connect the two amygdala. [12] The ventral amygdalofugal pathway carries output from the central and basolateral nuclei and delivers it to a number of targets; namely, the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the basal forebrain, the brain stem, septal nuclei and nucleus accumbens. [13]
A simple view of the information processing through the amygdala follows as: the amygdala sends projections to the hypothalamus, septal nuclei and BNST (via the amygdalofugal tract), the dorsomedial thalamus (via the amygdalothalamic tract), the nuclei of the trigeminal nerve and the facial nerve, the ventral tegmental area, the locus coeruleus ...
Schematic of the HPA axis (CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone) Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus (a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland (a ...
The equivalent fiber connectivity of all these pathways has been documented by dissection studies in primates. Some of these fiber tracts include the amygdalofugal tract, amygdalothalamic tract, stria terminalis, dorsal thalamo-hypothalamic tract, cerebellohypothalamic tracts, and the parieto-occipito-hypothalamic tract. [8]
The main olfactory bulb's pulses in the amygdala are used to pair odors to names and recognize odor to odor differences. [17] [18] The bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BNST) act as the information pathway between the amygdala and hypothalamus, as well as the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. BNST abnormalities often lead to sexual confusion ...
A heuristic model of the neural pathway of the Papez circuit shows the connections between its different parts. Based on Papez's experiment with aggression in rats and other studies, it was initially believed that the circuit was involved with emotion. The circuit connects the hypothalamus and the cortex and acts as the emotional system of the ...