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The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man" (German: "Anteil der Arbeit an der Menschwerdung des Affen") is an unfinished essay written by Friedrich Engels in the spring of 1876. The essay forms the ninth chapter of Dialectics of Nature, which proposes a unitary materialist paradigm of natural and human history.
The Condition of the Working Class in England (German: Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England) is an 1845 book by the German philosopher Friedrich Engels, a study of the industrial working class in Victorian England. Engels' first book, it was originally written in German; an English translation was published in 1887.
In 1881 Frederick Engels criticised the slogan in the first issue of The Labour Standard.He argued that workers exchange their full labour power for a day in return for the subsistence necessary to maintain them for a day: "The workman gives as much, the Capitalist gives as little, as the nature of the bargain will admit."
The Engels family house at Barmen (now in Wuppertal), Germany. Friedrich Engels was born on 28 November 1820 in Barmen, Jülich-Cleves-Berg, Prussia (now Wuppertal, Germany), as the eldest son of Friedrich Engels Sr. (1796–1860) and of Elisabeth "Elise" Franziska Mauritia van Haar (1797–1873). [6]
Productive forces, productive powers, or forces of production (German: Produktivkräfte) is a central idea in Marxism and historical materialism.. In Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' own critique of political economy, it refers to the combination of the means of labor (tools, machinery, land, infrastructure, and so on) with human labour power.
The concept of labour power as a commodity was first explicitly stated by Friedrich Engels in The Principles of Communism (1847): "Labor [power] is a commodity, like any other, and its price is therefore determined by exactly the same laws that apply to other commodities.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels attribute the doctrine to Lassalle (notably in Marx's 1875 Critique of the Gotha Program), the idea to Thomas Malthus's (1798) An Essay on the Principle of Population, and the terminology to Goethe's "great, eternal iron laws" in Das Göttliche. [1] [2] [3]
"The French Commercial Treaty" Fredrick Engels No. 7, 18 June 1881 "Two Model Town Councils" Fredrick Engels No. 8, 25 June 1881 "American Food and the Land Question" Fredrick Engels No. 9, 2 July 1881 "The Wages Theory of the Anti-Corn Law League" Fredrick Engels No. 10, 9 July 1881 "A Working Men's Party" Fredrick Engels No. 12, 23 July 1881