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Foam depopulation was developed in 2006 in response to a 2004 outbreak of H7N2. [8] It received conditional approval the same year in the US by the USDA-APHIS. [9]In the 2015 H5N2 outbreak in the US, foaming was the primary method used to kill poultry en masse with it employed at 66% of locations. [10]
The technique is mainly recommended for solutions with a high viscosity or a tendency to foam: [1] as it reduces the risk of splashing, foam or bubble formation. Reverse pipetting is more precise in dispensing small volumes of liquids containing proteins and biological solutions [ 2 ] compared to forward pipetting , which is mostly used for ...
Continuous foam separation is a chemical process closely related to foam fractionation in which foam is used to separate components of a solution when they differ in surface activity. In any solution, surface active components tend to adsorb to gas-liquid interfaces while surface inactive components stay within the bulk solution.
All types of foam are widely used as core material in sandwich-structured composite materials. The earliest known engineering use of cellular solids is with wood, which in its dry form is a closed-cell foam composed of lignin, cellulose, and air. From the early 20th century, various types of specially manufactured solid foams came into use.
Foam fractionation is a chemical process in which hydrophobic molecules are preferentially separated from a liquid solution using rising columns of foam. It is commonly used, albeit on a small scale, for the removal of organic waste from aquariums ; these units are known as " protein skimmers ".
A foaming agent is a material such as a surfactant or a blowing agent that facilitates the formation of foam.A surfactant, when present in small amounts, reduces surface tension of a liquid (reduces the work needed to create the foam) or increases its colloidal stability by inhibiting coalescence of bubbles. [1]
α-Olefin sulfonates with linear alkenyl radicals from C 12 to C 18 are used as anionic surfactants in various areas of application due to their pronounced foam formation [clarification needed] and foam stability (even with high water hardness), excellent fat-dissolving power and oil dissolving power as well as a favorable ecological profile and low aquatic toxicity and human toxicity.
Maine was the first state to officially get a foam food container ban onto the books. In May 2019, Maryland Governor Hogan allowed the foam ban (House Bill 109) to become law without a signature making Maryland the second state to have a food container foam ban on the books, but is the first one to take effect on 1 July 2020. [86] [87] [88] [89]