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  2. Antigen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen

    An illustration that shows how antigens induce the immune system response by interacting with an antibody that matches the molecular structure of an antigen. In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. [1]

  3. Immunogenicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunogenicity

    However, strictly speaking, immunogenicity refers to the ability of an antigen to induce an adaptive immune response. Thus an antigen might bind specifically to a T or B cell receptor, but not induce an adaptive immune response. If the antigen does induce a response, it is an 'immunogenic antigen', which is referred to as an immunogen.

  4. Immune system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system

    In contrast, the B cell antigen-specific receptor is an antibody molecule on the B cell surface and recognizes native (unprocessed) antigen without any need for antigen processing. Such antigens may be large molecules found on the surfaces of pathogens, but can also be small haptens (such as penicillin) attached to carrier molecule. [60]

  5. What Really Causes a False Positive COVID-19 Test? Experts ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/false-positive-covid-19...

    BinaxNOW antigen tests had a sensitivity of 92.6% for symptomatic people and 78.6% for asymptomatic people with COVID-19 in a 2021 report, per the CDC. The false positive rate on rapid antigen ...

  6. Polyclonal B cell response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyclonal_B_cell_response

    After the processed antigen (peptide) is complexed to the MHC molecule, they both migrate together to the cell membrane, where they are exhibited (elaborated) as a complex that can be recognized by the CD 4+ (T helper cell) – a type of white blood cell. [note 7] [20] This is known as antigen presentation.

  7. Immune tolerance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_tolerance

    Upon exposure to a foreign antigen, either the antigen is eliminated by the standard immune response (resistance), or the immune system adapts to the pathogen, promoting immune tolerance instead. Resistance typically protects the host at the expense of the parasite, while tolerance reduces harm to the host without having any direct negative ...

  8. Hemagglutination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutination

    To determine between type A or type AB, antibodies that bind the B group are added and if agglutination does not occur, the blood is type A. If agglutination does not occur with either antibodies that bind to type A or type B antigens, then neither antigen is present on the blood cells, which means the blood is type O. [1] [2]

  9. Cross-reactivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-reactivity

    In immunology, the definition of cross-reactivity refers specifically to the reaction of the immune system to antigens. There can be cross-reactivity between the immune system and the antigens of two different pathogens, or between one pathogen and proteins on non-pathogens, which in some cases can be the cause of allergies.