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The g-force acting on an object under acceleration can be much greater than 1 g, for example, the dragster pictured at top right can exert a horizontal g-force of 5.3 when accelerating. The g-force acting on an object under acceleration may be downwards, for example when cresting a sharp hill on a roller coaster.
The gravitational constant appears in the Einstein field equations of general relativity, [4] [5] + =, where G μν is the Einstein tensor (not the gravitational constant despite the use of G), Λ is the cosmological constant, g μν is the metric tensor, T μν is the stress–energy tensor, and κ is the Einstein gravitational constant, a ...
A common misconception occurs between centre of mass and centre of gravity.They are defined in similar ways but are not exactly the same quantity. Centre of mass is the mathematical description of placing all the mass in the region considered to one position, centre of gravity is a real physical quantity, the point of a body where the gravitational force acts.
Then the attraction force vector onto a sample mass can be expressed as: F = m g {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =m\mathbf {g} } Here g {\displaystyle \mathbf {g} } is the frictionless , free-fall acceleration sustained by the sampling mass m {\displaystyle m} under the attraction of the gravitational source.
If the Earth had a constant density ρ, the mass would be M(r) = (4/3)πρr 3 and the dependence of gravity on depth would be =. The gravity g′ at depth d is given by g′ = g(1 − d/R) where g is acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Earth, d is depth and R is the radius of the Earth.
The maximum force achieved by weight lifters during a 'clean and jerk' lift [18] (During the clean part) 9 kN The bite force of one adult American alligator [19] 10 4 N 16.5 kN The bite force of a 5.2 m (17 ft) saltwater crocodile [20] 18 kN The estimated bite force of a 6.1 m (20 ft) adult great white shark [21] 25 kN
For two bodies, the parameter may be expressed as G(m 1 + m 2), or as GM when one body is much larger than the other: = (+). For several objects in the Solar System, the value of μ is known to greater accuracy than either G or M. The SI unit of the standard gravitational parameter is m 3 ⋅s −2.
A gravitational field is used to explain gravitational phenomena, such as the gravitational force field exerted on another massive body. It has dimension of acceleration (L/T 2) and it is measured in units of newtons per kilogram (N/kg) or, equivalently, in meters per second squared (m/s 2). In its original concept, gravity was a force between ...