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  2. Internal resistance to apartheid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_resistance_to...

    Covert resistance was expressed by banned organisations like the largely white South African Communist Party, whose leader Joe Slovo was also Chief of Staff of the ANC's armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe. Whites also played a significant role in opposing apartheid during the 1980s through the United Democratic Front and End Conscription Campaign ...

  3. African Resistance Movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Resistance_Movement

    The African Resistance Movement (ARM) was a militant anti-apartheid resistance movement, which operated in South Africa during the early and mid-1960s. It was founded in 1960, as the National Committee of Liberation (NCL), by members of South Africa's Liberal Party, which advocated the dismantling of apartheid and gradually transforming South Africa into a free multiracial society.

  4. John Harris (activist) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harris_(activist)

    Frederick John Harris (4 July 1937 – 1 April 1965) was a South African schoolteacher and anti-apartheid campaigner who turned to terrorism and was executed after a bomb attack on a railway station. He was Chairman of SANROC (the South African Non Racial Olympic Committee), which in 1964 petitioned the International Olympic Committee to have ...

  5. South African anti-apartheid writer Breytenbach dies - AOL

    www.aol.com/south-african-anti-apartheid-writer...

    The renowned anti-apartheid writer and activist Breyten Breytenbach, jailed for his beliefs in South Africa in the 1970s, has died aged 85, his family said. He passed away in his sleep, with his ...

  6. National Union of South African Students - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Union_of_South...

    Despite its liberal resistance to racially separate organisations in the 1960s, its members, and in particular its leadership, supported the breakaway in 1969, of black student leaders, led by Steve Biko and others, to form the South African Students' Organisation (SASO), a Black Consciousness Movement student grouping.

  7. Black Sash - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sash

    Between 1955 and 1994, the Black Sash provided widespread and visible proof of white resistance towards the apartheid system. In fact, during the 1960s and most of the 1970s the Black Sash and National Union of South African Students represented the only consistent white opposition to the government outside Parliament. [6]

  8. Black Consciousness Movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement

    The Black Consciousness Movement started to develop during the late 1960s, and was led by Steve Biko, Mamphela Ramphele, and Barney Pityana [citation needed].During this period, which overlapped with apartheid, the ANC had committed to an armed struggle through its military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe, but this small guerrilla army was neither able to seize and hold territory in South Africa nor to ...

  9. Music in the movement against apartheid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_in_the_movement...

    Several musicians from Europe and North America refused to perform in South Africa during the apartheid regime: these included The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and the Walker Brothers. [21] After the Sharpeville massacre in 1960, the Musicians' Union in the UK announced a boycott of the government. [ 21 ]