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MARPOL is short for Marine Pollution. In 1979, the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, the "first international legally binding instrument to deal with problems of air pollution" was signed. [3] In 1997 the regulations regarding air pollution from ships as described in Annex VI of the MARPOL Convention were adopted.
Following that approval, in March 2007, the House of Representatives approved legislation to implement the standards in Annex VI (H.R. 802), through regulations to be promulgated by Environmental Protection Agency in consultation with the U.S. Coast Guard.
MARPOL Annex VI amendments according with MEPC 176(58) came into force 1 July 2010. [17] Amended Regulations 12 concerns control and record keeping of Ozone Depleting Substances. [18] Amended Regulation 14 [19] concerns mandatory fuel oil change over procedures for vessels entering or leaving SECA areas and FO sulphur limits.
The Annexes of MARPOL contain detailed regulations with respect to the six main groups of harmful materials: Petroleum in any form ; Noxious Liquid Substances (NLS) carried in bulk (Annex II); Harmful substances carried in packaged form (Annex III); Sewage (Annex IV); Garbage (Annex V); and Air emissions (Annex VI). [6] MARPOL states that ...
[3]: 17 These were included in Annex VI of MARPOL 73/78. That the new regulations would apply equally to all countries regardless of economic development was a source of dispute relating to the principles of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and No More Favourable Treatment. This meant they were passed by majority, rather than the ...
In 2016, the IMO adopted new sulfur-emissions regulations for implementation by larger ships beginning in January 2020. [24] [25] [26] Of total global air emissions, marine shipping accounts for 18 to 30 percent of the nitrogen oxides and 9% of the sulfur oxides. [2] [27] Sulfur in the air creates acid rain which damages crops and buildings.
The International Maritime Organization has adopted guidelines on the approval, installation and use of exhaust gas scrubbers (exhaust gas cleaning systems) on board ships to ensure compliance with the sulphur regulation of MARPOL Annex VI.
The level of sulphur is one of the benchmarks in measuring quality of fuel and Marpol Annex VI requires use of <4.5% sulphur fuel, effective 2010. The target is to reduce world maritime sulphur output to <0.5% by 2020.