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  2. Cycle of poverty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_of_poverty

    Several other forms of poverty traps are discussed in the literature, [73] including nations being landlocked with bad neighbors; a vicious cycle of violent conflict; subsistence traps in which farmers wait for middlemen before they specialize but middlemen wait for a region to specialize first; working capital traps in which petty sellers have ...

  3. Ragnar Nurkse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Nurkse

    Nurkse is one of the founding fathers of Classical Development Economics. Together with Rosenstein-Rodan and Mandelbaum, he promoted a 'theory of the big push', emphasized the role of savings and capital formation in economic development, and argued that poor nations remained poor because of a 'vicious circle of poverty'.

  4. Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Nurkse's_balanced...

    Cyclical downswing is a feature of an advanced stage of sustained growth rather than of the vicious cycle of poverty. Hirschman also stated that during conditions of slack activity in developed countries, the stock of resources, machines and entrepreneurs are merely unemployed, and are present as idle capacity.

  5. Harvey Leibenstein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Leibenstein

    Concerning his critical minimum effort thesis, he claimed that the underdeveloped countries are trapped by the vicious circle of poverty and many other growth retarding factors, which keep them in the state of backwardness.Those countries need to increase their per capita income to a certain level in which they can maintain a self-sustained ...

  6. Vicious circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicious_circle

    A vicious circle (or cycle) is a complex chain of events that reinforces itself through a feedback loop, with detrimental results. [1] It is a system with no tendency toward equilibrium ( social , economic , ecological , etc.), at least in the short run.

  7. Vicious circle principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicious_circle_principle

    The vicious circle principle is a principle that was endorsed by many predicativist mathematicians in the early 20th century to prevent contradictions. The principle states that no object or property may be introduced by a definition that depends on that object or property itself.

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  9. Poverty in Austrian Galicia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_Austrian_Galicia

    Poverty in Austrian Galicia was extreme, particularly in the late 19th century. Reasons included little interest in reforms on the part of major landowners and the Austrian government, population growth resulting in small peasant plots, inadequate education, primitive agricultural techniques, a vicious circle of chronic malnutrition, famines ...