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State diagram for a turnstile A turnstile. An example of a simple mechanism that can be modeled by a state machine is a turnstile. [4] [5] A turnstile, used to control access to subways and amusement park rides, is a gate with three rotating arms at waist height, one across the entryway.
The state diagram from Figure 2 is an example of an extended state machine, in which the complete condition of the system (called the extended state) is the combination of a qualitative aspect—the state variable—and the quantitative aspects—the extended state variables.
The algorithmic state machine (ASM) is a method for designing finite-state machines (FSMs) originally developed by Thomas E. Osborne at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) since 1960, [1] introduced to and implemented at Hewlett-Packard in 1968, formalized and expanded since 1967 and written about by Christopher R. Clare since 1970.
The door state machine example shown above is not in a more advanced stage in the "closed" state than in the "opened" state. Rather, it simply reacts differently to the open/close events. A state in a state machine is an efficient way of specifying a behavior, rather than a stage of processing.
In information technology and computer science, a system is described as stateful if it is designed to remember preceding events or user interactions; [1] the remembered information is called the state of the system. The set of states a system can occupy is known as its state space. In a discrete system, the state space is countable and often ...
Each transition edge is labeled with the value of the input (shown in red) and the value of the output (shown in blue). The machine starts in state S i. (In this example, the output is the exclusive-or of the two most-recent input values; thus, the machine implements an edge detector, outputting a 1 every time the input flips and a 0 otherwise.)
The example below shows a binary rational function equivalent to the above example, with an additional transition (nil, radio) to set the system into its initial state. Here the input symbols nil, mode, next denote events that drive a transducer with output effectors cd, nextTrack, radio, nextStation .
For a nondeterministic finite-state machine, an input may cause the machine to be in more than one state, hence its non-determinism. This is denoted in a state-transition table by the set of all target states enclosed in a pair of braces {}. An example of a state-transition table together with the corresponding state diagram for a ...