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Non-cryptographic hash functions optimized for software frequently involve the multiplication operation. Since in-hardware multiplication is resource-intensive and frequency-limiting, ASIC-friendlier designs had been proposed, including SipHash (which has an additional benefit of being able to use a secret key for message authentication), NSGAhash, and XORhash.
A hash function that allows only certain table sizes or strings only up to a certain length, or cannot accept a seed (i.e. allow double hashing) is less useful than one that does. [citation needed] A hash function is applicable in a variety of situations. Particularly within cryptography, notable applications include: [8]
One of the main applications of a hash function is to allow the fast look-up of data in a hash table. Being hash functions of a particular kind, cryptographic hash functions lend themselves well to this application too. However, compared with standard hash functions, cryptographic hash functions tend to be much more expensive computationally.
hash Grøstl: up to 512 bits hash HAS-160: 160 bits hash HAVAL: 128 to 256 bits hash JH: 224 to 512 bits hash LSH [19] 256 to 512 bits wide-pipe Merkle–Damgård construction: MD2: 128 bits hash MD4: 128 bits hash MD5: 128 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: MD6: up to 512 bits Merkle tree NLFSR (it is also a keyed hash function) RadioGatún ...
A hash function is k-perfect if at most k elements from S are mapped onto the same value in the range. The "hash, displace, and compress" algorithm can be used to construct k-perfect hash functions by allowing up to k collisions. The changes necessary to accomplish this are minimal, and are underlined in the adapted pseudocode below:
Cryptographic hash functions are functions that take a variable-length input and return a fixed-length output, which can be used in, for example, a digital signature. For a hash function to be secure, it must be difficult to compute two inputs that hash to the same value ( collision resistance ) and to compute an input that hashes to a given ...
Knapsack-based hash functions—a family of hash functions based on the knapsack problem. The Zémor-Tillich hash function—a family of hash functions that relies on the arithmetic of the group of matrices SL 2. Finding collisions is at least as difficult as finding factorization of certain elements in this group.
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of cryptographic hash functions. See the individual functions' articles for further information. This article is not all-inclusive or necessarily up-to-date. An overview of hash function security/cryptanalysis can be found at hash function security summary.