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Pauling's discoveries led to decisive contributions in a diverse array of areas including around 350 publications in the fields of quantum mechanics, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, protein structure, molecular biology, and medicine. [169] [170] His work on chemical bonding marks him as one of the founders of modern quantum chemistry. [9]
Atomic physics, particle physics, cell biology, and neuroscience dominated the two subjects outside chemistry, while molecular chemistry was the chief prize-winning discipline in its domain. Molecular chemists won 5.3% of all science Nobel Prizes during this period.
G. Marius Clore FRS (born 1955), American chemist, known for foundational work in three-dimensional protein and nucleic acid structure determination by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Edward L. Cochran (born 1929), American chemist, known for pioneering studies on the nature of free radicals
Linus Pauling – American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator. He was one of the most influential chemists in history and ranks among the most important scientists of the 20th century; John Bardeen – American physicist and electrical engineer, the only person to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics twice
Tour was awarded the Royal Society of Chemistry's Centenary Prize for innovations in materials chemistry with applications in medicine and nanotechnology. [49] Tour was inducted into the National Academy of Inventors in 2015. [50] [51] [52] He was named among "The 50 most Influential Scientists in the World Today" by TheBestSchools.org in 2014 ...
Access to the structure provided answers to central questions in biology, regarding the movement of ions across the cell membrane. In particular, the structure revealed the mechanism with by which these channels move potassium ions both quickly and selectively, reliably preventing similarly sized sodium ions from passing through.
Franklin was a physical chemist who made pivotal research in the discovery of the structure of DNA, known as "the most important discovery" in biology. [1] [2] DNA itself had become "life's most famous molecule". [3] While working at the King's College London in 1951, she discovered two types of DNA called A-DNA and B-DNA.
Carl Bosch (German pronunciation: [kaʁl ˈbɔʃ] ⓘ; 27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. [2] He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company.