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The effects of parasitic worms, or helminths, on the immune system is a recently emerging topic of study among immunologists and other biologists. Experiments have involved a wide range of parasites, diseases, and hosts. The effects on humans have been of special interest.
This therapy ties to the Hygiene hypothesis in that the lack of exposure to bacteria and parasites such as helminths can cause a weaker immune system leading to being more susceptible to autoimmune disease. [4] [5] Helminth worms are members of two phyla: nematodes, which are primarily used in human helminthic therapy, and flat worms . [2]
Helminthiasis, also known as worm infection, is any macroparasitic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms, known as helminths. There are numerous species of these parasites , which are broadly classified into tapeworms , flukes , and roundworms .
"The ape and any of the proto-humans in the fossil records all were infected with parasites, so our immune system has evolved to account for this immunomodulatory effect on inflammation ...
Removal of parasitic worms from areas is correlated with an increase in autoimmune disorders in those areas. [32] Parasitic worms may be able to damp down the immune system of their host, making it easier for them to live in the intestine without coming under attack. [31] This may be one mechanism for their proposed medicinal effect. [citation ...
Once inside the body, parasites must overcome the immune system's serum proteins and pattern recognition receptors, intracellular and cellular, that trigger the adaptive immune system's lymphocytes such as T cells and antibody-producing B cells. These have receptors that recognise parasites. [109]
A strong wound-healing immune response (Th2-type) associated with intestinal pathology is mounted. Similar to other roundworm infections, Th2 immunity focuses on eliminating the parasite or confining it to minimize host damage. Immunological responses to H. p. bakeri infection and effects of the worm on the immune system.
An Oregon woman found more than a dozen wiggling worms in her eye and pulled them out one-by-one after becoming the first known human case of a parasitic infection spread by flies.
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