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Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. [3] Symptoms most often include fever and flank tenderness . [ 2 ] Other symptoms may include nausea , burning with urination , and frequent urination . [ 2 ]
Pyelonephritis occurs between 20 and 30 times less frequently. [4] They are the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections accounting for approximately 40%. [115] Rates of asymptomatic bacteria in the urine increase with age from two to seven percent in women of child-bearing age to as high as 50% in elderly women in care homes. [42]
Pyonephrosis (from Greek pyon 'pus' and nephros 'kidney' [1]) is a dangerous kidney infection that is characterized by pus accumulation in the renal collecting system. [2] It is linked to renal collecting system blockage and suppurative renal parenchymal destruction, which result in complete or nearly complete kidney failure. [3]
Causes: Cardioembolic disease, renal artery injury, and hypercoagulable state. [1] Diagnostic method: Hematuria, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, CT scan. [1] Differential diagnosis: Renal colic and acute pyelonephritis. [1] Frequency: 1.4% (of 14,411) [2]
P fimbriae (also known as pyelonephritis-associated pili, P pili, or Pap) are chaperone-usher type (specifically of the π family) [1] fimbrial appendages found on the surface of many Escherichia coli bacteria. [2]
In terms of cause, almost any condition that involves ischemia can lead to renal papillary necrosis. A mnemonic for the causes of renal papillary necrosis is POSTCARDS: pyelonephritis, obstruction of the urogenital tract, sickle cell disease, tuberculosis, cirrhosis of the liver, analgesia/alcohol use disorder, renal vein thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, and systemic vasculitis. [3]
Infective endocarditis - Infection that affects the inner lining of the heart (endocardium) and can potentially cause a thrombus to form on one or more heart valves and, if left untreated, can cause septic emboli that can have many systemic effects, including deposition into the glomerulus, causing glomerulonephritis and nephritic syndrome. [25]
Nephritis represents the ninth-most-common cause of death among all women in the US (and the fifth leading cause among non-Hispanic black women). [19] Worldwide, the highest rates [clarification needed] of nephritis are 50–55% for African or Asian descent followed by Hispanic at 43% and Caucasian at 17%. [20]