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Renal cysts are classified by malignant risk using the Bosniak classification system. The system was created by Morton Bosniak (1929–2016), a faculty member at the New York University Langone Medical Center in New York City. [1] The Bosniak classification categorizes renal cysts into five groups. [2]
The length of the adult kidney is normally 10–12 cm, and the right kidney is often slightly longer than the left kidney. The adult kidney size is variable due to the correlation with body height and age; however, normograms for pediatric kidney size are available. [1]
Renal hypoplasia is a congenital abnormality in which one or both of the kidneys are smaller than normal, [5] resulting in a reduced nephron number [1] but with normal morphology. [ 4 ] It is defined as abnormally small kidneys, where the size is less than two standard deviations below the expected mean for the corresponding demographics , and ...
Spleen: Normal in size. Kidneys: Right and left kidneys measure 11.5 cm and 12 cm in length respectively. No hydronephrosis. Small left lower pole kidney cyst. Ascites: None. Aorta: Visualized portions normal in caliber, 16 x 15 mm. IVC: Normal. IMPRESSION: Normal abdominal ultrasound.
Cysts lined by a simple epithelium with a hobnail morphology, i.e. the nuclei of the cyst lining epithelium bulges into the lumen of the cysts, Ovarian-like stroma that has a: Spindle cell morphology, and has a; Basophilic cytoplasm. Cystic nephromas have an immunostaining pattern like ovarian stroma; they are positive for: Estrogen receptor (ER),
The enlargement of the kidney can be related to the degree of cyst formation. The cysts which come from the Bowmans space can also cause the kidneys to appear asymmetrical or misshapen. Cysts can cause injury by destroying nearby renal tissue [10] Familial GCKD can have enlarged or normal size kidneys. [6]
Papillary RCC, a renal tumour that accounts for 10-15% of all RCCs. Males are 1.5 times as likely to develop this type of tumour than females. Papillary RCCs, usually lead to a better prognosis than clear cell RCCs unless the tumour has metastasized. Chromophobe RCC, a kidney tumour with usually the best outcome of prognosis.
Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a condition that results from the malformation of the kidney during fetal development. The kidney consists of irregular cysts of varying sizes. Multicystic dysplastic kidney is a common type of renal cystic disease, and it is a cause of an abdominal mass in infants. [5]