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Surface roughness, often shortened to roughness, is a component of surface finish (surface texture). It is quantified by the deviations in the direction of the normal vector of a real surface from its ideal form. If these deviations are large, the surface is rough; if they are small, the surface is smooth.
finish: An italic f (Latin small letter f) written on a line representing a surface was an old way of indicating that the surface was to be machined rather than left in the as-cast or as-forged state. The "f" came from "finish" in the sense of "machine finish" as opposed to raw stock/casting/forging.
Surface finish, also known as surface texture or surface topography, is the nature of a surface as defined by the three characteristics of lay, surface roughness, and waviness. [1] It comprises the small, local deviations of a surface from the perfectly flat ideal (a true plane ).
An unfinished surface is often called mill finish. Surface finishing processes can be categorized by how they affect the workpiece: Removing or reshaping finishing; Adding or altering finishing; Mechanical processes may also be categorized together because of similarities in the final surface finish.
The bottom image depicts the same surface after applying a load. In materials science, asperity, defined as "unevenness of surface, roughness, ruggedness" (from the Latin asper—"rough" [1]), has implications (for example) in physics and seismology. Smooth surfaces, even those polished to a mirror finish, are not truly smooth on a microscopic ...
S-F surface: surface obtained after applying an F operator to the primary surface. S-L surface: surface obtained after applying an L filter to the S-F surface. Nesting index: index corresponding to the cut-off wavelength of a linear filter, or to the scale of the structuring element of a morphological filter.
Roughness length, roughness as applied in meteorology; International Roughness Index, the roughness of a road; Hydraulic roughness, the roughness of land and waterway features; Roughness (psychophysics) in psychoacoustics refers to the level of dissonance; The 'roughness' of a line or surface, measured numerically by the Hausdorff dimension ...
Turned, ground, and polished (TGP) is a classification of finishing processes often used for metal shafting. Turning (on a lathe) creates straight round bars without the strain induced by cold drawing, while grinding and polishing improves the surface finish and roundness for high dimensional accuracy. [1]