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SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.
The "crc.list" file indicates a checksum file containing 32-bit CRC checksums in brik format. As of 2012, best practice recommendations is to use SHA-2 or SHA-3 to generate new file integrity digests; and to accept MD5 and SHA-1 digests for backward compatibility if stronger digests are not available. The theoretically weaker SHA-1, the weaker ...
The content of such spam may often vary in its details, which would render normal checksumming ineffective. By contrast, a "fuzzy checksum" reduces the body text to its characteristic minimum, then generates a checksum in the usual manner. This greatly increases the chances of slightly different spam emails producing the same checksum.
Merkle tree NLFSR (it is also a keyed hash function) RadioGatún: arbitrary ideal mangling function RIPEMD: 128 bits hash RIPEMD-128: 128 bits hash RIPEMD-160: 160 bits hash RIPEMD-256: 256 bits hash RIPEMD-320: 320 bits hash SHA-1: 160 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: SHA-224: 224 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: SHA-256: 256 bits ...
SHA-2 basically consists of two hash algorithms: SHA-256 and SHA-512. SHA-224 is a variant of SHA-256 with different starting values and truncated output. SHA-384 and the lesser-known SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are all variants of SHA-512. SHA-512 is more secure than SHA-256 and is commonly faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit machines such as AMD64.
Due to the nature of hash functions, hash collisions may result in false positives, but the likelihood of collisions is usually negligible with random corruption. (The number of possible checksums is limited though large, so that with any checksum scheme many files will have the same checksum.
SHA-0: 1993 NSA: SHA-0: SHA-1: 1995 SHA-0: Specification: SHA-256 SHA-384 SHA-512: 2002 SHA-224: 2004 SHA-3 (Keccak) 2008 Guido Bertoni Joan Daemen Michaël Peeters Gilles Van Assche: RadioGatún: Website Specification: Streebog: 2012 FSB, InfoTeCS JSC RFC 6986: Tiger: 1995 Ross Anderson Eli Biham: Website Specification: Whirlpool: 2004 Vincent ...
Using SHA-1 as a hash function, the password is stretched into a 128-bit key 50,000 times before opening the document; as a result, the time required to crack it is vastly increased, similar to PBKDF2, scrypt or other KDFs. [citation needed] Office 2010 employed AES and a 128-bit key, but the number of SHA-1 conversions doubled to 100,000. [4]