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A cramp is a sudden, involuntary, painful skeletal muscle contraction [1] [2] or overshortening associated with electrical activity; [3] while generally temporary and non-damaging, they can cause significant pain and a paralysis-like immobility of the affected muscle.
It is the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [6] Other common descriptors for heartburn (besides burning) are belching, nausea, squeezing, stabbing, or a sensation of pressure on the chest. The pain often rises in the chest (directly behind the breastbone) and may radiate to the neck, throat, or angle of the arm.
In Western populations, GERD affects approximately 10% to 20% of the population and 0.4% newly develop the condition. [9] For instance, an estimated 3.4 million to 6.8 million Canadians have GERD. The prevalence rate of GERD in developed nations is also tightly linked with age, with adults aged 60 to 70 being the most commonly affected. [81]
Botulinum toxin, which inhibits acetylcholine release from nerve endings, injected above the lower esophageal sphincter may also be used in the treatment of DES.Small studies have suggested benefit from endoscopic balloon dilation in certain patients, but all of the above have a low percentage of success in treating the condition; whilst the treatments work in some sufferers, it does not work ...
Charley horses have many possible causes directly resulting from high or low pH or substrate concentrations in the blood, including hormonal imbalances, dehydration, low levels of magnesium, potassium, or calcium (evidence has been mixed), [5] [6] [7] side effects of medication, or, more seriously, diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neuropathy. [8]
Costochondritis, also known as chest wall pain syndrome or costosternal syndrome, is a benign inflammation of the upper costochondral (rib to cartilage) and sternocostal (cartilage to sternum) joints. 90% of patients are affected in multiple ribs on a single side, typically at the 2nd to 5th ribs. [1]
Mckenzie Cordell. Step 1: Stand with your feet hip-width apart. Place your right heel in front of your body with your foot flexed, toes pointing up. Put a slight bend in your left knee.
The rate of emergency department visits in the US for chest pain decreased 10% from 1999 to 2008. [60] but a subsequent increase of 13% was seen from 2006 to 2011. [61] Less than 20% of all cases of chest pain admissions are found to be due to coronary artery disease. [62]