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  2. Epimer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epimer

    In stereochemistry, an epimer is one of a pair of diastereomers. [1] The two epimers have opposite configuration at only one stereogenic center out of at least two. [2] All other stereogenic centers in the molecules are the same in each. Epimerization is the interconversion of one epimer to the other epimer.

  3. Stereoisomerism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoisomerism

    An epimer is a diastereoisomer that has the opposite configuration at only one of the stereocenters. Le Bel-van't Hoff rule. Le Bel-van't Hoff rule states that for ...

  4. Diastereomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereomer

    In stereochemistry, diastereomers (sometimes called diastereoisomers) are a type of stereoisomer. [1] Diastereomers are defined as non-mirror image, non-identical stereoisomers.

  5. Anomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomer

    More formally stated, then, an anomer is an epimer at the hemiacetal/hemiketal carbon atom in a cyclic saccharide. [1] Anomerization is the process of conversion of one anomer to the other. As is typical for stereoisomeric compounds, different anomers have different physical properties, melting points and specific rotations.

  6. Rotamer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotamer

    The existence of specific conformations is due to hindered rotation around sigma bonds, although a role for hyperconjugation is proposed by a competing theory. The importance of energy minima and energy maxima is seen by extension of these concepts to more complex molecules for which stable conformations may be predicted as minimum-energy forms.

  7. Epitestosterone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitestosterone

    Epitestosterone, or isotestosterone, also known as 17α-testosterone or as androst-4-en-17α-ol-3-one, is an endogenous steroid and an epimer of the androgen sex hormone testosterone. It is a weak competitive antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) and a potent 5α-reductase inhibitor .

  8. Polyol pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyol_pathway

    The polyol metabolic pathway. [6]Cells use glucose for energy.This normally occurs by phosphorylation from the enzyme hexokinase. However, if large amounts of glucose are present (as in diabetes mellitus), hexokinase becomes saturated and the excess glucose enters the polyol pathway when aldose reductase reduces it to sorbitol.

  9. Psicose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicose

    [2] [11] It is a C3 epimer of fructose. [2] Fructose can be converted to allulose by the enzymes D-tagatose 3-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.31) and/or D-psicose 3-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.30), which has allowed for mass production of allulose. [2] The compound is found naturally in trace amounts in wheat, figs, raisins, maple syrup, and molasses.