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A ball-pen probe is novel technique used to measure directly the plasma potential in magnetized plasmas. The probe was invented by Jiří Adámek in the Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR in 2004. [1] The ball-pen probe balances the electron saturation current to the same magnitude as that of the ion saturation current.
The probe itself is rotatable which allow horizontal, vertical and helical magnetic fields to be measured. This probe is mainly used in the Fall Semester of the university year during a plasma laboratory class to understand how magnetic fields affect plasmas. An interesting effect of the HIDRA magnetic field operation is that the helical field ...
The alternating magnetic field induces an electric field in the pickup coils of the VSM. [4] The current is proportional to the magnetization of the sample - the greater the induced current, the greater the magnetization. As a result, typically a hysteresis curve will be recorded [5] and from there the magnetic properties of the sample can be ...
Helium vector magnetometer (HVM) of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft. A magnetometer is a device that measures magnetic field or magnetic dipole moment.Different types of magnetometers measure the direction, strength, or relative change of a magnetic field at a particular location.
Hall effect magnetometers (also called tesla meters or gauss meters) use a Hall probe [23] with a Hall element to measure magnetic fields or inspect materials (such as tubing or pipelines) using the principles of magnetic flux leakage. A Hall probe is a device that uses a calibrated Hall effect sensor to directly measure the strength of a ...
With SP -STM it is then possible to probe the spin dependent local density of states of magnetic samples by measuring the tunneling conductance = /, which for small bias is given by [1] = | | (+ ), where is the tunneling conductance in nonmagnetic case, is the tunneling matrix element which describes the transitions between the spin ...
B is the magnetic induction, Idℓ is an element of the current, the constant μ 0 is the permeability of free space, and r is the distance between the current and the sensor. As a result, the current can be directly calculated from the magnetic field knowing only the separation between the current and the magnetic field sensor.
A reciprocating probe is mounted on an arm that is moved into and back out of the plasma, usually in about one second by means of either a pneumatic drive or an electromagnetic drive using the ambient magnetic field. Pop-up probes are similar, but the electrodes rest behind a shield and are only moved the few millimeters necessary to bring them ...