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Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, margosa, nimtree or Indian lilac, [3] is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of the two species in the genus Azadirachta . It is native to the Indian subcontinent and to parts of Southeast Asia , but is naturalized and grown around the world in tropical and subtropical areas.
The genus Azadirachta was established by Adrien-Henri de Jussieu in 1830. [1] In 1753, Carl Linnaeus had described two species, Melia azedarach and Melia azadirachta. [3] De Jussieu considered Melia azadirachta to be sufficiently different from Melia azedarach to be placed in a new genus, Azadirachta, as Azadirachta indica. [4]
The name itself means "beautiful woman" in Italian. [27]. Azadirachta indica: Neem: Used in India to treat worms, malaria, rheumatism and skin infections among many other things. Its many uses have led to neem being called "the village dispensary" in India. [28]
The specific name, koenigii, derives from the last name of botanist Johann Gerhard König. The curry tree is also called curry leaf tree or curry bush, among numerous local names, depending on the country. [11] [5] It is known by a variety of names in the Indian subcontinent and South Asia itself. Some of its alternative names are: [citation ...
Formulations that include neem oil have found wide usage as a biopesticide for horticulturists [4] and for organic farming, as it repels a wide variety of insect pests including mealy bugs, beet armyworms, aphids, cabbage worms, thrips, whiteflies, mites, fungus gnats, beetles, moth larvae, mushroom flies, leaf miners, caterpillars, locusts, nematodes and Japanese beetles.
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Melia dubia Commonly known as Malabar Neem, Maha Neem, Gora Neem, or Barma Dhek. This is one of the most important industrial tree species that has rapidly expanded in the Indian subcontinents in recent decades.
Some laboratory and field studies have found neem extracts to be compatible with biological control. Because pure neem oil contains other insecticidal and fungicidal compounds in addition to azadirachtin, it is generally mixed at a rate of 1 US fluid ounce per US gallon (7.8 mL/L) of water when used as a pesticide.
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