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Concussion grading systems are sets of criteria used in sports medicine to determine the severity, or grade, of a concussion, the mildest form of traumatic brain injury.At least 16 such systems exist, [1] and there is little agreement among professionals about which is the best to use. [2]
Sports injuries are injuries that occur during sports or exercise in general. In the United States, approximately 30 million people who participate in some form of organized sports. [1] Of those 30 million, about 3 million athletes aged 14 and under suffer a sports related injury annually.
Concussion, a type of mild traumatic brain injury that is caused by a direct or indirect hit to the head, body, or face is a common injury associated with sports and can affect people of all ages. A concussion is defined as a "complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by biomechanical forces". [ 1 ]
The Integrated Model of Psychological Response to the Sport Injury and Rehabilitation Process [13] is one example of a cognitive appraisal and stress process during injury. This model shows how the injury becomes another stressor in the athlete's life, which, in return, leads to a process of cycles that include thoughts, feelings, and actions. [13]
Rappaport, et al. (1982) Disability Rating Scale for Severe Head Trauma Patients: Coma to Community. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 63:118-123. Shulka, Devi, & Agrawal (2011) Outcome Measures for Traumatic Brain Injury. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 113:435-441; Wright (2000) The Disability Rating Scale. The Center for ...
The Borg RPE scale is a numerical scale that ranges from 6 to 20, [8] where 6 means "no exertion at all" and 20 means "maximal exertion." When a measurement is taken, a number is chosen from the following scale by an individual that best describes their perceived level of exertion during physical activity.
A sprained ankle (twisted ankle, rolled ankle, turned ankle, etc.) is an injury where sprain occurs on one or more ligaments of the ankle. It is the most commonly occurring injury in sports, mainly in ball sports such as basketball, volleyball, football, pickleball, and tennis. [1]
Sports medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness and the treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise. Although most sports teams have employed team physicians for many years, it is only since the late 20th century that sports medicine emerged as a distinct field of health care.