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John Dalton FRS (/ ˈ d ɔː l t ən /; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. [1] He introduced the atomic theory into chemistry.
Dalton's law (also called Dalton's law of partial pressures) states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. [1] This empirical law was observed by John Dalton in 1801 and published in 1802. [2] Dalton's law is related to the ideal gas laws.
Atomic theory (early) Democritus (c. 460 – c. 370 BC) [62] Founder of atomism in cosmology. Atomic theory (modern) Father Roger Boscovich (1711–1787) [63] First coherent description of atomic theory. John Dalton (1766–1844) [64] First scientific description of the atom as a building block for more complex structures. Atomic bomb
In 1804, Dalton explained his atomic theory to his friend and fellow chemist Thomas Thomson, who published an explanation of Dalton's theory in his book A System of Chemistry in 1807. According to Thomson, Dalton's idea first occurred to him when experimenting with "olefiant gas" ( ethylene ) and "carburetted hydrogen gas" ( methane ).
Modern atomic theory is not based on these old concepts. [2] [3] In the early 19th century, the scientist John Dalton noticed that chemical substances seemed to combine with each other by discrete and consistent units of weight, and he decided to use the word atom to refer to these units. [4]
John Dalton's union of atoms combined in ratios (1808) Similar to these views, in 1803 John Dalton took the atomic weight of hydrogen, the lightest element, as unity, and determined, for example, that the ratio for nitrous anhydride was 2 to 3 which gives the formula N 2 O 3. Dalton incorrectly imagined that atoms "hooked" together to form ...
The bust at the Royal Society of Chemistry in Burlington House. The bronze bust of John Dalton located along the corridor on the first floor of Burlington House, London, was created by Ruby Levick [1] [2] [3] (who also executed the bust of Humphry Davy at Burlington House) and donated to the Chemical Society in 1903 by its former president Sir Thomas Edward Thorpe (1845–1925), [4] as ...
John Dalton. In 1808, English physicist John Dalton (1766–1844) assimilated the known experimental work of many people to summarize the empirical evidence on the composition of matter. [72] He noticed that distilled water everywhere analyzed to the same elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Similarly, other purified substances decomposed to the same ...