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Halicarnassus (/ ˌ h æ l ɪ k ɑːr ˈ n æ s ə s / HAL-ih-kar-NASS-əs; Latin: Halicarnassus or Halicarnāsus; Ancient Greek: Ἁλῐκαρνᾱσσός, Halikarnāssós; Turkish: Halikarnas; Carian: 𐊠𐊣𐊫𐊰 𐊴𐊠𐊥𐊵𐊫𐊰 alos k̂arnos) was an ancient Greek city in Caria, in Anatolia. [1]
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus or Tomb of Mausolus [a] (Ancient Greek: Μαυσωλεῖον τῆς Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ; Turkish: Halikarnas Mozolesi) was a tomb built between 353 and 351 BC in Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, an Anatolian from Caria and a satrap in the Achaemenid Persian Empire, and his sister-wife Artemisia II of Caria.
Halicarnassus had historically been a Greek colony with a sizeable native population of Carians and Leleges. [3] The city was refounded by Mausolus, being rebuilt on a new grid pattern. Its population was enlarged through a process of synoecism : residents of Carian villages nearby were relocated to the new capital city. [ 3 ]
After the capture of Halicarnassus Alexander sent his newly married soldiers home to spend the winter with their families. [5] Alexander committed the government of Caria to Ada; and she, in turn, formally adopted Alexander as her son, ensuring that the rule of Caria passed unconditionally to him upon her eventual death.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Ancient Greek: Διονύσιος Ἀλεξάνδρου Ἁλικαρνασσεύς, Dionúsios Alexándrou Halikarnasseús, ''Dionysios (son of Alexandros) of Halikarnassos''; c. 60 BC – after 7 BC) was a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Emperor Augustus. [1]
Alexander accepted her offer and, in return, gave Ada formal command of the Siege of Halicarnassus. [9] After the fall of Halicarnassus, Alexander returned Alinda to Ada and made her queen of all of Caria. [10] Ada's popularity with the populace in turn ensured the Carians' loyalty to Alexander. [2]
The Carians were incorporated into the Macedonian Empire following the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Siege of Halicarnassus in 334 BC. [15] Halicarnassus was the location of the famed Mausoleum dedicated to Mausolus, a satrap of Caria between 377–353 BC, by his wife, Artemisia II of Caria.
Colossal statues of a man and a woman from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, traditionally identified as Artemisia II and Mausolos, around 350 BCE, British Museum.. While Artemisias father is known to have been Hekatomnos, the identity of her mother is less clear.