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The "Brilliant Period" in glass cutting occurred between 1880 and 1905. O'Connor designed many highly collectible patterns, such as Parisian, Florentine, and Princess, and also designed special cutting wheels for circular cuts, a vacuum device that prevented glasscutters from inhaling the ground glass, and a hardwood polisher.
Although pressing glass by hand has long existed, mechanical pressing of glass did not exist until the 1820s—and it was an American invention. [8] In some cases, the glass is cut and polished, engraved, etched, or enameled. [9] All glass products must be cooled gradually , or else they could easily break. [10]
One of the few successful American glass companies was the New England Glass Company, which was incorporated in 1818 and led by Deming Jarves—the "father of the American glass industry." [ 10 ] Using assistance from the Harvard University library and a British engineer named James B. Barnes , Jarves developed a way to produce red lead from ...
In the 1870s the "brilliant", "brilliant cut" or "American Brilliant" style emerged, perhaps first seen in America in glass exhibited at the 1876 Philadelphia Centenary Exhibition: "its most complex brilliant cutting involved covering the glass surface with intersecting cuts that created innumerable, often fragmentary shapes making up larger ...
Only ten glass manufacturers are thought to have been operating in 1800. High-quality glassware was imported from England, and glassmaking knowledge was kept secret. England controlled a key ingredient for producing high–quality glassware and kept its price high—making it difficult for American glass manufacturers to compete price-wise.
After the War of 1812, English glass manufacturers began dumping low–priced glass products in the United States, which drove many American glass companies into bankruptcy. [136] The United States Tariff of 1824, which was a protective tariff, helped the American glass industry. Between 1820 and 1840, nearly 70 glass factories were started.
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