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ASTM A325 is an ASTM International standard for heavy hex structural bolts, titled Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength. It defines mechanical properties for bolts that range from 1 ⁄ 2 to 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (13 to 38 mm) in diameter. [1]
The preferred bolt preload for structural applications should be at least 75% of the fastener's proof load [7] for the higher strength fasteners and as high as 90% of the proof load for permanent fasteners. To achieve the benefits of the preloading, the clamping force must be higher than the joint separation load.
This standard defines the properties for fasteners up to 4 inches in diameter. They are not to be used in applications where they are tensioned to more than 50% of their tensile strength. In those applications structural heavy hex bolts are to be used, as defined by ASTM A490, even though they have the same strength. [1] [2]
ASTM F568M is an ASTM International standard for metric bolts, screws and studs that are used in general engineering applications. It is titled: Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Externally Threaded Metric Fasteners. It defines mechanical properties for fasteners that range from M1.6 to 100 in diameter. The standard was ...
The diameter and pitch combinations must adhere to ISO 261 and ISO 262 and the thread tolerances must adhere to ISO 965 parts 1, 2, and 4. [ 2 ] Part 1 does not specify properties for fasteners that have head geometries that reduce the shear strength of the fastener, such as low head screws and countersunk heads.
Proof Elastic deformation in case of a male-female cylinders contact. Relationship between pressure, clearance and contact angle The part no. 1 is the containing cylinder (female, concave), the part no. 2 is the contained cylinder (male, convex); the center of the cylinder i is O i , and its radius is R i .
ASTM A490 and ASTM A490M are ASTM International standards for heavy hex structural bolts made from alloy steel.The imperial standard is officially titled Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, while the metric standard (M) is titled Standard Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes 10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural ...
A proof test is a form of stress test to demonstrate the fitness of a load-bearing or impact-experiencing structure. An individual proof test may apply only to the unit tested, or to its design in general for mass-produced items. Such a structure is often subjected to loads above those expected in actual use, demonstrating safety and design margin.