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  2. Concentration ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_ratio

    Perfect competition exists where an industry's concentration ratio is CR n = n/N, where N is the number of firms in the industry. That is, all firms have an equal market share. Low concentration – 40% A concentration ratio of close to 0% implies perfect competition at the least. This is only possible in an industry where there is a very large ...

  3. Market concentration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_concentration

    Market concentration is affected through various forces, including barriers to entry and existing competition. Market concentration ratios also allows users to more accurately determine the type of market structure they are observing, from a perfect competitive, to a monopolistic, monopoly or oligopolistic market structure.

  4. Oligopoly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligopoly

    The higher the four-firm concentration ratio is, the less competitive the market is. When the four-firm concentration ration is higher than 60, the market can be classified as a tight oligopoly. A loose oligopoly occurs when the four-firm concentration is in the range of 40-60. [21]

  5. Concentration of media ownership - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_of_media...

    Horizontal concentration: oligopoly or monopoly produced within an area or industry; television (pay or free) is the Brazilian classical model. In 2002 the cable networks Sky and NET dominated 61% of the Brazilian market.

  6. Market power - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_power

    For a monopoly, the 4-firm concentration ratio is 100 per cent whilst for perfect competition, the ratio is zero. [37] Moreover, studies indicate that a concentration ratio of between 40 and 70 percent suggests that the firm operates as an oligopoly. [ 38 ]

  7. Herfindahl–Hirschman index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herfindahl–Hirschman_index

    If the resulting figure is above a certain threshold then economists will consider the market to have a high concentration (e.g. market X's concentration is 0.142 or 14.2%). This threshold is considered to be 0.25 in the U.S., [ 9 ] while the EU prefers to focus on the level of change, for instance that concern is raised if there is a 0.025 ...

  8. Market structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_structure

    N-firm concentration ratio, N-firm concentration ratio is a common measure of market structure. This gives the combined market share of the N largest firms in the market. [ 9 ] For example, if the 5-firm concentration ratio in the United States smart phone industry is about .8, which indicates that the combined market share of the five largest ...

  9. Imperfect competition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperfect_competition

    Large companies are given more weight in the index (unlike the N-concentration ratio). [15] The value of the index ranges from 1/N to 1 (where N is the number of firms in the market). Thus, the more concentrated the market is, the larger the value of the Herfindahl Index will be. [ 4 ]