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Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a purported form of kidney damage in which there has been recent exposure to medical imaging contrast material without another clear cause for the acute kidney injury. Despite extensive speculation, the actual occurrence of contrast-induced nephropathy has not been demonstrated in the literature. [1]
Allergic reactions are rare. [1] The use of barium during pregnancy is safe for the baby; however, X-rays may result in harm. [4] Barium sulfate suspension is typically made by mixing barium sulfate powder with water. [1] It is a non-iodinated contrast media. [5] Barium sulfate has been known since the Middle Ages. [6]
Iodinated contrast contains iodine.It is the main type of radiocontrast used for intravenous administration.Iodine has a particular advantage as a contrast agent for radiography because its innermost electron ("k-shell") binding energy is 33.2 keV, similar to the average energy of x-rays used in diagnostic radiography.
A contrast agent (or contrast medium) is a substance used to increase the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging. [1] Contrast agents absorb or alter external electromagnetism or ultrasound , which is different from radiopharmaceuticals , which emit radiation themselves.
Also, the iodinated contrast medium used in contrast CT and contrast radiography can cause allergic reactions, including severe ones. [5] The contrast dye may also be toxic to the kidneys. [7] Because a cannula is inserted, there is also a risk of a cannula site infection, that may cause fevers or redness of the cannula area. [7]
A reaction may occur whenever iodine contrast is injected. These reactions range in severity and it is difficult to predict if they will occur. With the current practice of using low-osmolar contrast these adverse reactions only occur in ~0.1% of cases. [4] The severity of the reaction can be broken down into three groups: Mild - no treatment ...
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a rare syndrome that involves fibrosis of the skin, joints, eyes, and internal organs. NSF is caused by exposure to gadolinium in gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents (GBCAs) in patients with impaired kidney function.
Gadobutrol contrast media is a clear, colorless-to-pale yellow solution of 1 mmol/mL formulation, available in single dose vials (2 mL, 7.5 mL, 10mL, and 15 mL), single dose pre-filled injections (7.5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL), and pharmacy bulk packages (30 mL and 65 mL) containing multiple vials. [19]