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The grape reaction product (GRP, GRP1 or 2-S-glutathionyl caftaric acid [1]) is a phenolic compound explaining the disappearance of caftaric acid from grape must during processing. [2] It is also found in aged red wines. [3] Its enzymatic production by polyphenol oxidase is important in limiting the browning of musts, [4] especially in white ...
The International Grape Genomics Program (IGGP) is a collaborative genome project dedicated to determining the genome sequence of the grapevine Vitis vinifera. It is a multinational project involving research centers in Australia , Canada , Chile , France , Germany , Italy , South Africa , Spain , and the United States .
The natural occurrence of fermentation means it was probably first observed long ago by humans. [3] The earliest uses of the word "fermentation" in relation to winemaking was in reference to the apparent "boiling" within the must that came from the anaerobic reaction of the yeast to the sugars in the grape juice and the release of carbon dioxide.
The phenolic compounds in grapes contribute to the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine. Syrah pictured here. Phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—occur naturally in wine. These include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine.
280 nm 45 min LC chromatogram of a red wine, showing mainly phenolic compounds. Wine is a complex mixture of chemical compounds in a hydro-alcoholic solution with a pH around 4. The chemistry of wine and its resultant quality depend on achieving a balance between three aspects of the berries used to make the wine: their sugar content, acidity ...
The layer of grape skins that are forced by rising carbon dioxide gas to the top of the fermentation vessel during cuvaison. Carbonic acid Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the water content of wine. It is a volatile acid that held in equilibrium with the dissolved carbon dioxide gas and can not be isolated in a pure form. Carbonic gas
Wine-souring smoke from wildfires, grape-shriveling drought and global warming have all been playing an increasingly detrimental role in state vineyards for at least the last decade. But those ...
Additionally, some strains of the bacterium have beta-glucosidase enzymes that can break down monoglucosides which are aroma compounds attached to a sugar molecule. When the sugar component is cleaved, the rest of the compound becomes volatilized , meaning it can potentially be detected in the aroma bouquet of the wine.