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The Spanish settlement began on July 11, 1598 when the explorer Don Juan de Oñate came north from Mexico City to New Mexico with 500 Spanish settlers and soldiers and a livestock of 7,000 animals. They founded San Juan de los Caballeros, the first Spanish settlement in what was called the Kingdom of New Mexico, after the Valley of Mexico. [2]
For most of its modern history, New Mexico existed on the periphery of the viceroyalty of New Spain (1598—1821) with its capital in Mexico City, and later independent Mexico (1821–1848). However, it was dominated by Comancheria politically and economically from the 1750s to 1850s.
With just 17 people per square mile (6.6 people/km 2), New Mexico is one of the least densely populated states, ranking 45th out of 50; by contrast, the overall population density of the U.S. is 90 people per square mile (35 people/km 2).
San Miguel chapel in New Mexico. During the term of viceroy Don Luis de Velasco, marqués de Salinas the crown ended the long-running Chichimeca War by making peace with the semi-nomadic Chichimeca indigenous tribes of northern México in 1591. This allowed expansion into the 'Province of New Mexico' or Provincia de Nuevo México.
New Mexico: A History of Four Centuries (1962), standard survey; Bullis, Don, New Mexico: A Biographical Dictionary, 1540–1980, 2 vol, (Los Ranchos de Albuquerque: Rio Grande, 2008) 393 pp. ISBN 978-1-890689-17-9; Chavez, Thomas E. An Illustrated History of New Mexico, 267 pages, University of New Mexico Press 2002, ISBN 0-8263-3051-7
In 2017, Botswana was home to approximately 63,500 San, making it the country with the highest proportion of San people at 2.8%. [4] 71,201 San people were enumerated in Namibia in 2023, making it the country with the second highest proportion of San people at 2.4%. [1]
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Santa Fe (/ ˌ s æ n t ə ˈ f eɪ, ˈ s æ n t ə f eɪ / SAN-tə FAY, - fay; Spanish:) is the capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico, and the county seat of Santa Fe County.With over 89,000 residents, [5] Santa Fe is the fourth-most populous city in the state, [6] and part of the Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos combined statistical area, which had a population of 1,162,523 in 2020.