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Gran Colombia (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɡɾaŋ koˈlombja] ⓘ, "Great Colombia"), also known as Greater Colombia and officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia), was a state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern North America (aka southern Central America) from 1819 to 1831.
With this, Gran Colombia vanished after 11 years of existence. On 13 May 1830, the Southern District declared its independence from Colombia, forming the State of Ecuador. That day an Assembly of Notables met in Quito to resolve the separation of this region from Gran Colombia and form an independent State, although initially federated.
Third Flag of Gran Colombia 1821–1830. Stripe ratios 1:1:1. A third flag was adopted in late 1821, with a different coat of arms. Some variations have the writing "Republica de Colombia" around the coat of arms, and others have the coat of arms encircled. This flag served as the national flag until the country's dissolution in 1830.
Reunification of Gran Colombia refers to the potential future reunification of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama under a single government. Although Gran Colombia was dissolved in the 19th century, [ 1 ] interest and efforts in reunification were expressed as early as 1903 when Panama separated from Colombia .
The history of Colombia includes its settlement by indigenous peoples and the establishment of agrarian societies, notably the Muisca Confederation, Quimbaya Civilization, and Tairona Chiefdoms. The Spanish arrived in 1499 and initiated a period of annexation and colonization, ultimately creating the Viceroyalty of New Granada , with its ...
Historic church of Cúcuta, where the deputies of New Granada (Colombia) and Venezuela signed the Constitution. Simón Bolívar was elected President of the Republic, and Francisco de Paula Santander, Vice-President. This is considered the first constitution of Colombia, and lasted until the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1831.
The congress did draft a "Treaty of Union, League, and Perpetual Confederation", a pact of mutual defense and commerce, but only Gran Colombia ratified it. Gran Colombia itself fell apart in 1830. Because of these failed projects, Latin American politicians often speak of regional integration as "Bolivar's dream".
Federal subjects of the Granadine Confederation during 1858. After the disestablishment of Gran Colombia, the centralized government of the Republic of New Granada which was ratified by the constitution of 1843, was soon challenged by the independentist feelings of the different regions; particularly the provinces of Azuero, Chiriquí, Panamá, and Veraguas, which were demanding autonomous status.