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The judicial system (or judicial branch) of Egypt is an independent branch of the Egyptian government which includes both secular and religious courts. The Judiciary of Egypt consists of administrative and non-administrative courts, a Supreme Constitutional Court, penal courts, civil and commercial courts, personal status and family courts, national security courts, labour courts, military ...
The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the fundamental law of Egypt. The Egyptian Constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in January 2014. [1] The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 January 2014. A constitutional amendments referendum was held from 20 to 22 April 2019. [2]
Sharia Law was and still is widely used across Arab countries as a method of criminal law. After many decades, Egypt abandoned Islamic law and replaced it with positive law. [4] The following are important codes that represent majorbro changes leading to the adoption and use of the current penal code.
The Egyptian Civil Code is the prime source of civil law, and has been the source of law and inspiration for numerous other Middle Eastern jurisdictions, including pre-dictatorship Libya and Iraq as well as Qatar. [citation needed] Egypt's Civil Code governs "the areas of personal rights, contracts, obligations, and torts."
The Egyptian legislature has dedicated a separate chapter in the Penal Code, Title III, titled "Abortion of Pregnant Women and the Manufacture and Sale of Adulterated Drinks Harmful to Health." [4] Egyptian law does not explicitly define abortion. [5] [6] [3] Instead, it outlines the various forms of abortion and the corresponding penalties.
Under Egyptian law, religious minorities, including those who leave Islam, have equal rights with Muslims. Article 64 of the Egyptian Constitution states that freedom of belief is absolute.
Egyptian nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of Egypt, as amended; the Egyptian Nationality Law, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. [1] [2] These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Egypt. [3]
This ruling established the existence of two types of laws within the legal framework of Egypt: ordinary laws, which govern proceedings in Egyptian courts and are utilized by judges to resolve disputes, and the Constitution, which serves as the highest law in the country.