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Polyethylene was first synthesized by the German chemist Hans von Pechmann, who prepared it by accident in 1898 while investigating diazomethane. [12] [a] [13] [b] When his colleagues Eugen Bamberger and Friedrich Tschirner characterized the white, waxy substance that he had created, they recognized that it contained long −CH 2 − chains and termed it polymethylene.
Expanded polystyrene, used for building insulation, packaging, and cups, is invented by Dow Chemical. [1] 1957: The Italian firm Montecatini begins large-scale commercial production of isotactic polypropylene. 1960s: High-density polyethylene bottles are introduced; they will replace glass bottles in most applications. [11] 1965
The world's first fully synthetic plastic was Bakelite, invented in New York in 1907, by Leo Baekeland, [7] who coined the term "plastics". [8] Dozens of different types of plastics are produced today, such as polyethylene , which is widely used in product packaging , and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), used in construction and pipes because of its ...
Polyethylene glycol (PEG; / ˌ p ɒ l i ˈ ɛ θ əl ˌ iː n ˈ ɡ l aɪ ˌ k ɒ l,-ˈ ɛ θ ɪ l-,-ˌ k ɔː l /) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine.
Polyethylene terephthalate is produced largely from purified terephthalic acid (PTA), as well as to a lesser extent from (mono-)ethylene glycol (MEG) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). [ 41 ] [ 5 ] As of 2022, ethylene glycol is made from ethene found in natural gas , while terephthalic acid comes from p-xylene made from crude oil .
Plastic was invented in the nineteenth century and was originally used to replace common materials such as ivory, rubber, and shellac. [4] Plastic bottles were first used commercially in 1947, but remained relatively expensive until the early 1950s when high-density polyethylene was introduced. [5]
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a thermoplastic made from the monomer ethylene. It was the first grade of polyethylene , produced in 1933 by John C. Swallow and M.W Perrin who were working for Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) using a high pressure process via free radical polymerization . [ 1 ]
The Properties of Polyethylene Crystallized Under the Orientation and Pressure Effects of a Pressure Capillary Viscometer, Journal of Applied Polymer Science vol. 14, pp. 2305–2317 (1970). Kanamoto, On Ultra-High Tensile by Drawing Single Crystal Mats of High Molecular Weight Polyethylene, Polymer Journal vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 327–329 (1983).