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Injury mechanisms such as falls, assaults, sports injuries, and vehicle crashes are common causes of facial trauma in children [6] [4] as well as adults. [7] Blunt assaults, blows from fists or objects, are a common cause of facial injury. [8] [1] Facial trauma can also result from wartime injuries such as gunshots and blasts.
When zygoma fractures occur, the most typical symptoms are paresthesias in the upper lip, nose, cheek, and lower eyelid, diplopia, and pain.Particular physical characteristics that support zygomatic fracture include globe injury, impaired ocular motility, globe malposition, orbital emphysema, trismus, palpable stepoffs at the inferior or upper lateral edge of the orbit, reduced feeling ...
A bruise, also known as a contusion, is a type of hematoma of tissue, [3] the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues. Most bruises occur close enough to the epidermis such that the bleeding causes a visible discoloration.
Facial bruising, periorbital ecchymosis, soft tissue gas, swelling, trismus, altered mastication, diplopia, and ophthalmoplegia are other indirect features of the injury. [1] The zygomatic arch usually fractures at its weakest point, 1.5 cm behind the zygomaticotemporal suture.
An abrasion is a partial thickness wound caused by damage to the skin. [1] It can be superficial involving only the epidermis to deep, involving the deep dermis. Abrasions usually involve minimal bleeding. [2]
In patients with severe injury, progress is followed with nerve conduction studies. If nerve conduction studies show a large (>90%) change in nerve conduction, the nerve should be decompressed. The facial paralysis can follow immediately the trauma due to direct damage to the facial nerve, in such cases a surgical treatment may be attempted.
ICD-9 chapters; Chapter Block Title I 001–139: Infectious and Parasitic Diseases II 140–239: Neoplasms III 240–279: Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, and Immunity Disorders
Mandibular fracture, also known as fracture of the jaw, is a break through the mandibular bone.In about 60% of cases the break occurs in two places. [1] It may result in a decreased ability to fully open the mouth. [1]