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  2. United States tort law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_tort_law

    Although federal courts often hear tort cases arising out of common law or state statutes, there are relatively few tort claims that arise exclusively as a result of federal law. The most common federal tort claim is the 42 U.S.C. § 1983 remedy for violation of one's civil rights under color of federal or state law, which can be used to sue ...

  3. Negligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negligence

    Punitive damages – Punitive damages are to punish a defendant, rather than to compensate plaintiffs, in negligence cases. In most jurisdictions punitive damages are recoverable in a negligence action, but only if the plaintiff shows that the defendant's conduct was more than ordinary negligence (i.e., wanton and willful or reckless).

  4. Summers v. Tice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summers_v._Tice

    Decided November 17, 1948; Full case name: Charles A. Summers v. Howard W. Tice, et al. Citation(s) 33 Cal.2d 80 199 P.2d 1: Holding; When a plaintiff suffers a single indivisible injury, for which the negligence of each of several potential tortfeasors could have been a but-for cause, but only one of which could have actually been the cause, all the potential tortfeasors are jointly and ...

  5. Byrne v Boadle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byrne_v_Boadle

    Initially, in the lower court the case was dismissed through a directed verdict because the plaintiff could provide no evidence. Subsequently the appellate court concluded that under the conditions, the fact of the accident itself provided sufficient circumstantial evidence to establish the breach of a duty of care.

  6. Tort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tort

    Further, a defendant may assert various defences to a plaintiff's case, including comparative fault and assumption of risk. Negligence is a tort which arises from the breach of the duty of care owed by one person to another from the perspective of a reasonable person. Although credited as appearing in the United States in Brown v.

  7. Contributory negligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contributory_negligence

    The doctrine of contributory negligence was dominant in U.S. jurisprudence in the 19th and 20th century. [3] The English case Butterfield v.Forrester is generally recognized as the first appearance, although in this case, the judge held the plaintiff's own negligence undermined their argument that the defendant was the proximate cause of the injury. [3]

  8. Li v. Yellow Cab Co. - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_v._Yellow_Cab_Co.

    The case came out of a traffic accident between the plaintiff and the defendant in which both of them had been found to have been driving negligently. The plaintiff (Li) had attempted to cross three lanes of oncoming traffic to enter a service station ; the defendant's (Yellow Cab Co.) driver was traveling at an excessive speed when he ran a ...

  9. Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palsgraf_v._Long_Island...

    Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co., 248 N.Y. 339, 162 N.E. 99 (1928), is a leading case in American tort law on the question of liability to an unforeseeable plaintiff.The case was heard by the New York Court of Appeals, the highest state court in New York; its opinion was written by Chief Judge Benjamin Cardozo, a leading figure in the development of American common law and later a United ...

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