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The name stems from the shape of the fitting, having a large circular section connected to a thinner pipe, generally similar to the shape of a banjo. [1] Two banjo fittings (upper center of photo) atop automotive brake calipers. The copper crush washer in the gap between the fitting and body of the caliper completes the seal.
Z223.1 National Fuel Gas Code. Many plumbing codes, towns, and water companies require copper tube used for water service to be type-L or type-K. All National Model Codes permit the use of flare fitting joints, however, the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) should be consulted to determine acceptance for a specific application. [5]
The ideal hydraulic brake system would use only hard tubing such as galvanized or stainless steel pipe, as this would prevent any expansion along the hydraulic fluid path, providing the most direct transfer of operator input force to the friction surfaces, and in fact most of the length of a brake line is made of stainless steel.
A 1969 study by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) recommended the replacement of Bundy tube with 90-10 copper-nickel alloy UNS C70600 (Kunifer pipe) because of corrosion concerns. [1] Kunifer pipe has since been adopted by European automakers Volvo , Rolls-Royce , Lotus Cars , Aston-Martin , Porsche , and Audi . [ 2 ]
To correct this condition on a long-wheel-base vehicle, a relay valve is installed near the rear service brake chambers. In tractors as well as straight-trucks, a remote air-supply is provided in the form of a large diameter pipe connected between the primary reservoir and the relay valve for remote service brake application.
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Brake bleeding is the procedure performed on hydraulic brake systems whereby the brake lines (the pipes and hoses containing the brake fluid) are purged of any air bubbles. This is necessary because, while the brake fluid is an incompressible liquid , air bubbles are compressible gas and their presence in the brake system greatly reduces the ...