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  2. Names of Istanbul - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Istanbul

    At the same time, however, İstanbul too was part of the official language, for instance in the titles of the highest Ottoman military commander (İstanbul ağası) and the highest civil magistrate (İstanbul efendisi) of the city, [24] [page needed] and the Ottoman Turkish version of the Ottoman constitution of 1876 states that "The capital ...

  3. History of Istanbul - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Istanbul

    The city, known alternatively in Ottoman Turkish as Ḳosṭanṭīnīye (قسطنطينيه after the Arabic form al-Qusṭanṭīniyyah القسطنطينية) or Istanbul, while its Christian minorities continued to call it Constantinople, as did people writing in French, English, and other European languages, was the capital of the Ottoman ...

  4. Abd al-Qadir al-Baghdadi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_al-Baghdadi

    In 1077 AH/1667 AD, Abd al-Qadir left Egypt to visit the Ottoman capital in Istanbul, but soon returned. He was a close companion of the governor Ibrāhīm Kutkhda. When the governor removed to the Levant in 1085 AH/1674 AD, and then to Edirne, he took Abd al-Qadir with him.

  5. Urdu literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_literature

    Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language.While it tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including that of the short story, or afsana (افسانہ).

  6. Nef'i - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nef'i

    Nefʿī came to the Ottoman capital of Istanbul sometime before the year 1606, when he is noted to have been working in the bureaucracy as the comptroller of mines (maden mukataacısı). Nef'i attempted to gain the sultan 's favor for his poetry, but was unsuccessful with Ahmed I (reigned 1603–1617) and Osman II (reigned 1618–1622).

  7. History of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire

    It lost its Balkan territories except East Thrace and the historic Ottoman capital city of Adrianople during the war. Some 400,000 Muslims, out of fear of Greek, Serbian or Bulgarian atrocities, left with the retreating Ottoman army. [85] The Baghdad Railway under German control was a proposal to build rail lines into Iraq. The railway was not ...

  8. Ottoman Caliphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate

    The caliphate of the Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: خلافت مقامى, romanized: hilâfet makamı, lit. 'office of the caliphate') was the claim of the heads of the Turkish Ottoman dynasty to be the caliphs of Islam in the late medieval and early modern era.

  9. Turkish literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_literature

    Along with reforms to the Ottoman system, serious reforms were also undertaken in the literature, which had become nearly as moribund as the empire itself. Broadly, these literary reforms can be grouped into two areas: changes brought to the language of Ottoman written literature; the introduction into Ottoman literature of previously unknown ...