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Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance whose primary feature is dwarfism. [3] It is the most common cause of dwarfism [4] and affects about 1 in 27,500 people. [3] In those with the condition, the arms and legs are short, while the torso is typically of normal length. [3]
Dwarfism is a condition of people and animals marked by unusually small size or short stature. [1] In humans, it is sometimes defined as an adult height of less than 147 centimetres (4 ft 10 in), regardless of sex; the average adult height among people with dwarfism is 120 centimetres (4 ft).
Achondroplasia in children is the most common form of dwarfism; it accounts for about 70% of all cases of dwarfism. [1] Achondroplasia falls into the category of “disproportionate dwarfism”. It is linked to a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3.
It is thought that chondrodystrophy [2] is caused by an autosomal, recessive allele.To avoid a potential "lethal dose", both parents can be genetically tested.If a child is conceived with another carrier the outcome may be lethal, or the child may suffer from chondrodystrophy or dwarfism. [3]
Laron syndrome (LS), also known as growth hormone insensitivity or growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD), is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a lack of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; somatomedin-C) production in response to growth hormone (GH; hGH; somatotropin). [6]
Dwarfism, low-birth-weight type with unresponsiveness to growth hormone is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and other anomalies. Only 2 cases have been described in medical literature.
Shortened stature can result from growth hormone deficiency, starvation, portal systemic shunts, renal disease, hypothyroidism diabetes mellitus and other conditions. Any of these conditions can be established in a population through genetic engineering, selective breeding, or insular dwarfism, or some combination of the above.
Hypochondroplasia (HCH) is a developmental disorder caused by an autosomal dominant genetic defect in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene that results in a disproportionately short stature, micromelia [3] and a head that appears large in comparison with the underdeveloped portions of the body. It is classified as short-limbed dwarfism.