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Air-cooled engines do not require coolant service, and do not suffer damage from freezing, two commonly cited advantages for air-cooled engines. However, coolant based on propylene glycol is liquid to −55 °C, colder than is encountered by many engines; shrinks slightly when it crystallizes, thus avoiding damage; and has a service life over ...
Core plugs can also sometimes prevent freeze damage to the motor. During the early stages of the freezing of the engine coolant a freeze plug will sometimes burst, and thus allow the coolant to exit the engine, before it might expand within the engine during the freezing process and potentially crack the engine block. [2]
Proper engine coolant and a pressurized coolant system obviate these shortcomings of water. With proper antifreeze, a wide temperature range can be tolerated by the engine coolant, such as −34 °F (−37 °C) to +265 °F (129 °C) for 50% (by volume) propylene glycol diluted with distilled water and a 15 psi pressurized coolant system.
Waterless coolant is a glycol-based liquid substance that does not contain water. Its boiling point of 191 °C (375 °F) is higher than that of water-based coolants and it resists the formation of corrosion . [ 1 ]
The dry-sump system uses two or more oil pumps and a separate oil reservoir, as opposed to a conventional wet-sump system, which uses only the main sump (U.S.: oil pan) below the engine and a single pump. A dry-sump engine requires a pressure relief valve to regulate negative pressure inside the engine, so internal seals are not inverted.
Directly heating the coolant is more fuel-efficient than using the engine's waste heat, reducing fuel consumption and emissions. [25] In general, coolant heaters burn 1/8 as much fuel as an idling engine would, simultaneously emitting 1/20 of the emissions and directing heat significantly faster to the passenger compartment. [26]
A new trend gaining popularity among people trying to lose weight is microdosing the diabetes medication Ozempic. With approximately 70% of American adults meeting the criteria for being obese or ...
Typical airflow in a four-stroke engine: In stroke #1, the pistons suck in (aspirate) air to the combustion chamber through the opened inlet valve.. A naturally aspirated engine, also known as a normally aspirated engine, and abbreviated to N/A or NA, is an internal combustion engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not have forced induction through a ...