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Women's suffrage, or the right of women to vote, was established in the United States over the course of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, first in various states and localities, then nationally in 1920 with the ratification of the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Oreola Williams Haskell (1875–1953) – prolific author and poet, who worked alongside other notable suffrage activists, such as Carrie Chapman Catt, Mary Garrett Hay, and Ida Husted Harper. [72] Mary Garrett Hay (1857–1928) – suffrage organizer around the United States. [73] Elsie Hill (1883–1970) – NWP activist. [74]
1870: The Utah Territory grants suffrage to women. [7]1870: The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is adopted. The amendment holds that neither the United States nor any State can deny the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude," leaving open the right of States to deny the right to vote on account of sex.
The first national suffrage organizations were established in 1869 when two competing organizations were formed, each campaigning for suffrage at both the state and national levels. The National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA), led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton , was especially interested in national suffrage amendment.
Women were again granted suffrage in 1964, [131] [132] [133] and have been able to vote in Afghanistan since 1965 (except during Taliban rule, 1996–2001, when no elections were held). [134] As of 2009 [update] , women have been casting fewer ballots in part due to being unaware of their voting rights. [ 135 ]
Born in 1882 in Russian-occupied Poland, Rose Schneiderman immigrated with her family to the United States at the age of 8 and later began working in New York garment factories. She became an activist for higher wages and better working conditions for her fellow laborers.
This list of suffragists and suffragettes includes noted individuals active in the worldwide women's suffrage movement who have campaigned or strongly advocated for women's suffrage, the organisations which they formed or joined, and the publications which publicized – and, in some nations, continue to publicize– their goals.
The suffragettes heckled politicians, tried to storm parliament, were attacked and sexually assaulted during battles with the police, chained themselves to railings, smashed windows, carried out a nationwide bombing and arson campaign, and faced anger and ridicule in the media.