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Photorespiration may be necessary for the assimilation of nitrate from soil. Thus, a lowering in photorespiration by genetic engineering or because of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide may not benefit plants as has been proposed. [14] Several physiological processes may be responsible for linking photorespiration and nitrogen assimilation.
In blood, the heme group of hemoglobin binds oxygen when it is present, changing hemoglobin's color from bluish red to bright red. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Vertebrate animals use hemoglobin in their blood to transport oxygen from their lungs to their tissues, but other animals use hemocyanin ( molluscs and some arthropods ) or hemerythrin (spiders and ...
Carbon on Earth naturally occurs in two stable isotopes, with 98.9% in the form of 12 C and 1.1% in 13 C. [1] [8] The ratio between these isotopes varies in biological organisms due to metabolic processes that selectively use one carbon isotope over the other, or "fractionate" carbon through kinetic or thermodynamic effects. [1]
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) is an organic substance that is involved in photosynthesis, notably as the principal CO 2 acceptor in plants. [1]: 2 It is a colourless anion, a double phosphate ester of the ketopentose (ketone-containing sugar with five carbon atoms) called ribulose.
C3 carbon fixation is prone to photorespiration (PR) during dehydration, accumulating toxic glycolate products. In the 2000s scientists used computer simulation combined with an optimization algorithm to figure out what parts of the metabolic pathway may be tuned to improve photosynthesis.
In the oxygen-rich capillaries of the lung, this property causes the displacement of carbon dioxide to plasma as low-oxygen blood enters the alveolus and is vital for alveolar gas exchange. The general equation for the Haldane Effect is: H + + HbO 2 ⇌ H + Hb + O 2; However, this equation is confusing as it reflects primarily the Bohr effect.
Binding and unbinding of oxygen and carbon dioxide in red blood cells between lungs and tissue. Carbaminohemoglobin interacts with carbon dioxide in the respiratory gas exchange process. The interaction involves the binding of carbon dioxide to hemoglobin. Carbon dioxide binds to the protein chains of hemoglobin.
In plants, 2-phosphoglycolate has a potentially toxic effect as it inhibits a number of metabolic pathways. [3] The activities of important enzymes in the central carbon metabolism of the chloroplast such as triose-phosphate isomerase, phosphofructokinase, or sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase show a significant decrease in the presence of 2-PG.