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An accelerograph can be referred to as a strong-motion instrument or seismograph, or simply an earthquake accelerometer.They are usually constructed as a self-contained box, which previously included a paper or film recorder [1] (an analogue instrument) but now they often record directly on digital media and then the data is transmitted via the Internet.
An accelerometer measures proper acceleration, which is the acceleration it experiences relative to freefall and is the acceleration felt by people and objects. [2] Put another way, at any point in spacetime the equivalence principle guarantees the existence of a local inertial frame, and an accelerometer measures the acceleration relative to that frame. [4]
Inertial guidance accelerometers, like those in intercontinental ballistic missiles, were particularly suited to the purpose of an astronaut operated traversal gravimeter due to three main attributes: a large range of sensitivity, comparatively small size and weight, and the ability to calibrate the instrument under low acceleration conditions.
These changes can be the result of mass displacements inside the Earth, or of vertical movements of the Earth's crust on which measurements are being made. [c] The first gravimeters were vertical accelerometers, specialized for measuring the constant downward acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface. The Earth's vertical gravity varies ...
PIGA accelerometers mounted in the AIRS (Advanced Inertial Reference Sphere) are part of the most accurate inertial navigation (INS) developed for the Peacekeeper missile. The INS drift rates are less than 1.5 x 10 −5 degrees per hour of operation, about 8.5 m per hour with the overall accuracy of the missile affected more by defects in the ...
A description of how a piezoelectric accelerometer works in theory. A piezoelectric accelerometer is an accelerometer that employs the piezoelectric effect of certain materials to measure dynamic changes in mechanical variables (e.g., acceleration, vibration, and mechanical shock).
An attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) consists of sensors on three axes that provide attitude information for aircraft, including roll, pitch, and yaw.These are sometimes referred to as MARG (Magnetic, Angular Rate, and Gravity) [1] sensors and consist of either solid-state or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers.
Work on quantum technology based inertial measurement units , the instruments containing the gyroscopes and accelerometers, follows from early demonstrations of matter-wave based accelerometers and gyrometers. [2] The first demonstration of onboard acceleration measurement was made on an Airbus A300 in 2011. [3]