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Chlorophyll maps from 2002 to 2024, provided by NASA, show milligrams of chlorophyll per cubic meter of seawater each month. [42] Places where chlorophyll amounts are very low, indicating very low numbers of phytoplankton, are blue. Places where chlorophyll concentrations are high, meaning many phytoplankton were growing, are yellow.
Low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (LNLC) regions are aquatic zones that are low in nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, or iron) and consequently have low rate of primary production, as indicated by low chlorophyll concentrations. These regions can be described as oligotrophic, and about 75% of the world's oceans encompass LNLC regions.
High-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions are regions of the ocean where the abundance of phytoplankton is low and fairly constant despite the availability of macronutrients. Phytoplankton rely on a suite of nutrients for cellular function.
Relationships between Trophic State Index, chlorophyll, phosphorus, Secchi depth, and trophic class (after Carlson 1996) [4] Trophic State Index Chlorophyll (μg/L) Phosphorus (μg/L) Secchi depth (m) Trophic Class < 30—40 0—2.6 0—12 > 8—4 Oligotrophic or hipotrophic 40—50 2.6—7.3 12—24 4—2 Mesotrophic 50—70 7.3—56 24—96
Chlorophyll-a concentration is sometimes used to measure water clarity, especially when suspended sediments and colored dissolved organic matter concentrations are low. Chlorophyll-a concentration is a proxy for phytoplankton biomass, which is one way to quantify how turbid the water is due to biological primary production .
The deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), also called the subsurface chlorophyll maximum, [1] [2] is the region below the surface of water with the maximum concentration of chlorophyll. The DCM generally exists at the same depth as the nutricline, the region of the ocean where the greatest change in the nutrient concentration occurs with depth. [3]
The reaction center contains two pigments that serve to collect and transfer the energy from photon absorption: BChl and Bph. BChl roughly resembles the chlorophyll molecule found in green plants, but, due to minor structural differences, its peak absorption wavelength is shifted into the infrared, with wavelengths as long as 1000 nm. Bph has ...
Chlorophyll a is a common measure of primary production, as it is a main component of photosynthesis. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 2 ] Primary production is often measured using three variables: the biomass (or amount in weight) of the phytoplankton, the availability of light, and the rate of carbon fixation. [ 2 ]