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Danish orthography is the system and norms used for writing the Danish language, including spelling and punctuation. Officially, the norms are set by the Danish language council through the publication of Retskrivningsordbogen. Danish currently uses a 29-letter Latin-script alphabet with an additional three letters: æ , ø and å .
The Danish language developed during the Middle Ages out of Old East Norse, the common predecessor of Danish and Swedish.It was a late form of common Old Norse.The Danish philologist Johannes Brøndum-Nielsen divided the history of Danish into "Old Danish" from 800 AD to 1525 and "Modern Danish" from 1525 and onwards.
Kleinschmidt, photograph by J. A. D. Jensen c. 1885. Samuel Petrus Kleinschmidt (27 February 1814 – 9 February 1886) was a German/Danish missionary linguist born in Greenland known for having written extensively about the Greenlandic language and having invented the orthography used for writing this language from 1851 to 1973.
In accordance with the Danish Retskrivningsloven (Orthography Law) the rules laid down in Retskrivningsordbogen must be followed by all areas of public administration, the parliament and authorities related to the parliament as well as the courts, although the Minister of Education may lay down detailed rules for exceptions. In practice, it is ...
The former digraph aa still occurs in personal names, and in Danish geographical names. In Norway, geographical names tend to follow the current orthography, meaning that the letter å will be used. Family names may not follow modern orthography, and therefore retain the digraph aa where å would be used today.
Swedish orthography differs from Danish and Norwegian in the following respects: [9] Danish and Norwegian use the letters æ and ø , but Swedish uses ä and ö . All the three languages use the letter å . Danish and Norwegian use kk , but Swedish uses ck . Danish might also use a single 'k' finally, even for short vowels.
In addition to Danish and Latin, Rask studied Greek, Hebrew, French and German at Odense. An interest in orthography also led Rask to develop his own spelling system for Danish that more closely resembled its pronunciation, and it was at this time that he changed the spelling of his last name from "Rasch" to "Rask".
The orthography in this period was not standardized nor was the spoken language, and the regional laws demonstrate the dialectal differences between the regions in which they were written. [29] Throughout this period, Danish was in contact with Low German, and many Low German loan words were introduced in this period. [30]